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The serratus anterior (SA) is associated with shoulder painful conditions.

This paper reviews the anatomy, kinesiology, and pathokinesiology of the SA.

This paper describes and illustrates exercises that specifically target the activation of the SA.

This paper can help clinicians develop exercises that specifically challenge the SA.

Forward head posture is not associated with muscular performance in either groups.

Forward head posture does not explain pain and disability in CNP patients.

The muscle size–endurance relationship is affected in CNP.

Deep cervical muscles are selectively affected in the presence of CNP.

HIIT can benefits the HRV, especially in healthy and MetS subjects.

The HIIT can be used in cardiovascular rehabilitation and prevention.

Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of HIIT.

Physical activity is recommended in clinical guidelines for chronic low back pain.

Guidelines are silent in regards to which types of physical activity.

Leisure physical activity appears to be protective to low back pain.

Occupational physical activity appears to be harmful to low back pain.

Knee extensor muscle strength indicates global lower-limb strength following a stroke.

The use of a single measure of muscle strength can reduce assessment burden.

MST statistical analyses’ results are similar to those seen when using a dynamometer.

MST can be used to assess lower-limb strength post-stroke.

Confidence intervals (CI) measure the uncertainty around effect estimates.

Frequentist 95% CI: we can be 95% confident that the true estimate would lie within the interval.

Bayesian 95% CI: there is a 95% probability that the true estimate would lie within the interval.

Decision-making should not be made considering only the dichotomized interpretation of CIs.

Training and education may enhance knowledge related to understanding and interpreting CIs.

Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability in Brazil.

Brazil has adopted unwarranted practices in the management of low back pain.

Brazil faces a significant challenge with overuse of medical services for LBP.

Tackling low back pain will require engagement of all relevant stakeholders.

Low back pain trials are published in a variety of healthcare journals.

The methodological quality of low back pain trials is moderate.

55.5% of low back pain trials endorsed the CONSORT statement recommendations.

Reporting guidelines should be strictly followed.

PNF training statistically improves pain intensity, disability and static balance of working-age CLBP people.

Magnitudes of difference of outcomes between PNF training and general trunk exercises did not reach clinical important changes.

The therapist should take into account to use these interventions in rehabilitation programme for CLBP patients.

Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version [SAS-SV] is now adapted into Brazilian Portuguese.

The Brazilian version of SAS-SV has good reliability and construct validity.

It is now possible to measure addition of smartphone use in Brazil.