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The serratus anterior (SA) is associated with shoulder painful conditions.

This paper reviews the anatomy, kinesiology, and pathokinesiology of the SA.

This paper describes and illustrates exercises that specifically target the activation of the SA.

This paper can help clinicians develop exercises that specifically challenge the SA.

Beliefs are an important target for the management of musculoskeletal pain.

Behavioural learning is key to elicit and disconfirm unhelpful beliefs.

We propose key principles to guide clinicians in promoting behavioural change.

A case illustrates the role beliefs have on musculoskeletal pain management.

HRV is used to assess cardiac autonomic modulation.

HRV is useful to assess the effect of physical exercise programmes.

What are the common shortcomings of using the HRV methodology?

What are the recommendations of using HRV collection and analysis methods?

Checklist regarding the use of the HRV collection and analysis methodology.

This study investigated the influence between pelvis–trunk–shoulder.

Active reduction of anterior pelvic tilt decreased trunk extension.

Active reduction of anterior pelvic tilt increased lower trapezius activity.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome patients had losses in hip muscle strength.

Flexion and rotation movements are reduced in FAI syndrome patients.

Reduced hip strength and motion should be considered during rehabilitation programs.

Aging reduces rib cage contribution and increase abdominal contribution.

Aging increases end-inspiratory and end-expiratory chest wall volumes.

Sitting position might benefit patients who present reduced tidal volume.

Posture influences all variables of breathing pattern and chest wall motion, except respiratory rate and duty cycle.

Women present higher thoracic contribution to the tidal volume.

Wheelchair basketball players with shoulder pain get localized pain sensitivity.

Basketball players without shoulder pain had similar pressure pain sensitivity.

Elite wheelchair basketball players with shoulder pain get active trigger points.

The referred pain elicited by active trigger points reproduced shoulder pain.

Basketball players without shoulder pain get similar latent trigger points.

Measurement properties of most physical activity questionnaires have not been fully tested.

Construct validation and reliability of most physical activity questionnaires are not acceptable.

Methodological quality of most studies were considered poor.

Improper activation of the trapezius is associated with abnormal scapular motions.

This paper reviews the anatomy, kinesiology, and pathokinesiology of the trapezius.

This paper describes and illustrates exercises that target the trapezius.

The LCADL%total reflected better outcomes for COPD when compared to LCADLtotal.

The 28% cut-off point for LCADL has clinically relevant discriminatory power.

The LCADLtotal may compromise the interpretation of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program effects.