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Physical activity is recommended in clinical guidelines for chronic low back pain.

Guidelines are silent in regards to which types of physical activity.

Leisure physical activity appears to be protective to low back pain.

Occupational physical activity appears to be harmful to low back pain.

Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability in Brazil.

Brazil has adopted unwarranted practices in the management of low back pain.

Brazil faces a significant challenge with overuse of medical services for LBP.

Tackling low back pain will require engagement of all relevant stakeholders.

Knee extensor muscle strength indicates global lower-limb strength following a stroke.

The use of a single measure of muscle strength can reduce assessment burden.

MST statistical analyses’ results are similar to those seen when using a dynamometer.

MST can be used to assess lower-limb strength post-stroke.

Dry needling (DN) is commonly used for Orofacial pain treatment.

DN is better than other interventions for pain in the short-term.

DN is better than sham therapy on pressure pain threshold in the short-term.

Due to the very low quality of evidence and the small effect size, caution is needed.

Randomized controlled trials of high methodological quality are needed.

Therapists in the hospital should assess functioning to develop the rehabilitation plan.

The use of the ICF contributes to a standardized documentation and communication.

The relevant ICF categories for inpatient physical therapy care are identified.

The use of the selected categories enables the practical application of the ICF.

Forward head posture is not associated with muscular performance in either groups.

Forward head posture does not explain pain and disability in CNP patients.

The muscle size–endurance relationship is affected in CNP.

Deep cervical muscles are selectively affected in the presence of CNP.

Functionally independent older adults have risk of falling.

Isolated and recurrent fallers have different fall risk factors.

Alpha-blocker use is a predictor of isolated falls.

Fractures, increased BMI and benzodiazepine and beta-blocker use are predictors of recurrent fallers.

Handheld dynamometer may be considered valid for scapular protraction strength test.

The best correlation with the gold standard occurs with subjects tested seated.

Handheld dynamometer tends to overestimate the peak force.

Lemgruber® elastic tubes (LET) can be safely stretched up to 8 times in length.

Resistance from individual tubes varies from 3N to 537N depending on elongation.

Reference equations for resistance and elongation are provided.

Results offer increased knowledge of LET for its use in clinical practice.

The GT3X®ActiGraph accelerometer does not provide valid measures of energy expenditure in individuals with chronic stroke.

The Google Fit® smartphone application does not provide valid measures of energy expenditure in individuals with chronic stroke.

Objective measures of energy expenditure of stroke individuals are necessary.

Physical activity monitors should be created based upon group-specific equations.